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Other Bully Breeds
American Staffordshire Terrier
The American Staffordshire Terrier is a
breed of
dog.
The breed is descended from American dog fighting breeds and was
intended to be a
show strain of the
American Pit Bull Terrier. American Staffordshire Terriers
were first recognized by the
American Kennel Club in
1936.
They are a member of the
Terrier and
Molosser groups.
Appearance
The American Staffordshire Terrier is a large dog that ranges
from 16 to 19 inches at the
withers, and weighs from 57 to 67 pounds.
He is muscular and strong, and gives the impression of great
strength and agility for his size. His chest is deep and broad,
and his neck is heavy. He has a broad skull, pronounced cheek
muscles, and strong jaws. His ears may be half prick, rose, or
cropped.
The coat is short and glossy and can be of any colour
although all white, mostly white, liver, and black and tan are
not encouraged. His nose must be black.
Temperament
These dogs should be courageous and tenacious. They are
friendly towards humans. They should not be suspicious of
strangers, and because of this are not necessarily good guard
dogs.
Similarities to other Bull Terriers
The American Staffordshire Terrier and the
American Pit Bull Terrier are closely related breeds,
sharing a common ancestry as recently as the early 1900s. The
main physical difference between the breeds is that the American
Staffordshire Terrier is not permitted to have red ("Dudley")
nose leather, whereas American Pit Bull Terriers may have nose
leather of any colour, including red, black and blue. The
American Staffordshire Terrier is also often of larger bone
structure, head size and weight than their American Pit Bull
Terrier cousins.
In terms of temperament, the American Staffordshire Terrier
is accepted to be less tenacious and non-dog aggressive (non
"game") than the
American Pit Bull Terrier. The American Staffordshire
Terrier is a much larger and heavier dog than the English
Staffordshire Bull Terrier, to which it is also closely
related.
[
__________________________________
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
The Staffordshire Bull Terrier is a medium sized,
short coated, old time
breed of
dog,
originally bred for bull and bear fighting. Dogs proven in the
pit were bred with others of like skill and ability and over
time the Staffie was produced. In the early part of the 20th
century they gained respectablity and were accepted into the
Kennel Club of England as the Staffordshire Bull Terrier -
not to be confused with the
English Bull Terrier. The Staffordshire Bull Terrier is an
English breed of dog and should not be confused with their
larger cousin the
American Staffordshire Terrier or the
American Pit Bull Terrier.
The Staffie is a breed that has many supporters and perhaps
just as many detractors. Over the generations the Staffie has
put his fighting history behind him and his other famous trait,
as a loving family member, has earned him a place in the hearts
of many. Staffie owners recommend their dogs as confident,
people-loving dogs. A typical staffie is energetic, devoted to
his families, and normally loves meeting strangers.
Often held responsible for many of the unpleasant attacks
reported on humans and other animals, the Staffie can polarise
public opinion. When spoken of, people will generally fall into
one of two camps, those strongly for the breed and those
strongly against.
In cases of reported attacks, there is often little
distinction made between the bull terrier breeds, such as the
American Staffordshire Terrier, the Pit-Bull Terrier, the Bull
Terrier and the Staffie. Perhaps because of its comparative high
numbers and poor recognition by the public, the Staffie wears
much of the blame for reported attacks that may have been
perpetrated by any member of the bull terrier breeds.
Appearance
Black and white pied Staffie
Lovingly referred to as a "keg on legs", the Staffordshire
Bull Terrier is a stocky, muscular dog that exudes character,
strength and athletic ability. Their expressive countenances
indicate their mood and intelligence.
They have a broad head, defined occipital muscles, a
relatively short foreface, half prick ears, dark round eyes and
a wide mouth with a clean scissor-like bite. The ears are small
and either rose or half-prick. The cheek muscles are usually
pronounced and give the impression of strength. Their lips show
no looseness, and they rarely drool.
The head tapers down to a strong well muscled neck and
shoulders placed on squarely spaced forelimbs. Their rib cage is
well sprung and is topped by a level top line. They are tucked
up in their loins and the last rib of their cage should be
visible. Their tail is carried like an old fashioned pump handle
and should be neither too long nor too short. Their hind
quarters are well muscled and are the drive in the Staffie's
gait, being well let down in the hock.
They may be coloured black, brindle, red, blue(rare), white,
or any blending of these colours with white. White with any
colour over an eye is known as piebald or pied'. Liver-coloured
and black and tan dogs sometimes occur but these are considered
an unacceptable colour for the showring or any reputable
breeding program. The coat is smooth and short.
The dogs stand 35-40 cm (14-16 in) at the
withers and weigh 13-20 kg (24-38 lb) with female dogs on
the lighter side and male dogs on the heavier side.
[
Temperament
Terrier breeds are generally bold, inquisitive and fearless.
The Staffie is renowned for its reliability as a family dog.
They are extremely loving dogs, being loyal and devoted to man,
with special emphasis on their reliability with children. The
breed thrives in the family environment, being a suitably
compact size for close family living. They can be protective of
their family, especially those with small children, and it is
for this reason that they make an excellent family guardian and
watch dog.
As a result of their dog fighting heritage, one of the major
problems noticed in this breed is a tendency of aggression
towards other dogs. It must be understood that even a
Staffordshire Bull Terrier with "good" temperament may fight
when challenged by another dog and should therefore be
adequately controlled in public places.
Staffordshire Bull Terrier owners have a certain obligation
to society, and should always ensure that their dogs are
correctly and adequately housed and not allowed to roam freely
in public and in the vicinity of unfamiliar dogs. It is always
good advice to avoid allowing your Staffie to make eye to eye
contact with strange dogs, as this is normally seen as a
challenge. It must also be understood, however, that dog
aggression is not related to human aggression in this breed. A
staffie that is aggressive to strange dogs may still be
completely trustworthy to humans.
Staffies are regularly the fourth most popular breed in
Australia, behind German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers and
Golden Retrievers, according to the numbers of puppies bred each
year. The German Shepherd Dog League of N.S.W recognised this
very problem in its breed and has set up a tough accreditation
program for its breeders. There isn't such a program amongst
Staffie owners, however there are very good breeders who are
mindful of producing dogs with stable temperaments.
It is important that any breeder can satisfy you that the
puppy you are interested in, and its parents, have a stable
temperament. Avoiding aggression can also be aided by proper
socialisation and training of the puppy. Puppies should be
regularly exposed to the full gamut of situations that they are
likely to encounter as older dogs. Regular, supervised contact
with other dogs, children and any other family pet, along with
early obedience training will help ensure that the dog grows
into a well socialised animal.
Obedience training is imperative to ensure that the owner
feels they will have control over their dog in any situation. A
Staffie well versed in the commands ‘sit’ and ‘stay’ is an
animal that knows its place and can be confidently managed. If
they are socialised from an early age and properly trained,
owners can let their dogs roam at off-leash parks with
confidence.
History
Before the 19th Century, bloodsports such as bull baiting,
bear baiting and cock fighting were common. Bulls bought to
market were set upon by dogs as a way of tenderising the meat
and providing entertainment for the spectators; and dog fights
with bears, bulls and other animals were often organised as
entertainment for both Royalty and Commoners. Early
Bull and Terriers were not bred for the handsome visual
specimen of today, rather they were bred for the characteristic
known as
gameness. The pitting of dog against bear or bull tested the
gameness, strength and skill of the dog. These early "proto-staffords"
provided the ancestral foundation stock for the Staffordshire
Bull Terrrier, the American Pit Bull Terrier and the American
Staffordshire Terrier.
These bloodsports were officially eliminated in 1835 as
Britain began introduce animal welfare laws. Since dogfights
were cheaper to organise and far easier to conceal from the law
than bull or bear baits, bloodsport proponents turned to pitting
their dogs one against another instead. Dog fighting was used as
both a bloodsport (often involving gambling) and as an effort to
continue to test the quality of their stock. For decades
afterwards, dog fighting clandestinely took place in pockets of
working class Britain and America. Dogs were released in a pit,
and the last dog still fighting (or occasionally, the last dog
surviving) was recognised as the winner. The quality of
pluckiness or "gameness" was still highly prized, and dogs that
gave up during a fight were reviled as "curs". As an important
aside, fighting dogs were often handled in the pit during
fights, by both their owners and the judge, so were bred to be
as trustworthy with humans as they were aggressive towards other
dogs.
It is this nefarious history that gives the staffie his
celebrated temperament, as in the words of the American Kennel
Club: "from the past history of the Staffordshire Bull Terrier,
the modern dog draws its character of indomitable courage, high
intelligence, and tenacity. This, coupled with its affection for
its friends, and children in particular, its off-duty quietness
and trustworthy stability, makes it a foremost all-purpose dog."
[
Kennel Club Recognition
The breed attained UK Kennel Club recognition on
25
May
1935. Much of the groundwork to attain this status can be
attributed to
Joseph Dunn and
Joe Mallan. Dunn and Mallan invited friends to a staffie
fanciers meeting at the Cross Guns Hotel, Cradley Heath, South
Staffordshire (a hotel owned and managed by Mallan). About fifty
breeders met at the hotel and formed the Original Staffordshire
Bull Terrier Club. The name was shortly changed to
Staffordshire Bull Terrier Club due to the Bull Terrier Club
objecting the use of the word 'original'. Staffies were imported
into the US during this time. Since that time the breed has
grown to be one of the most popular breeds of dogs with a large
repressentation at the Crufts Dog Show.
In the US many were imported by pit fighters and used in
their breeding programs to produce the
American Pit Bull Terrier and
American Staffordshire Terrier. Many were imported by
British nationals who brought their dogs with them or US
expatriates who fell in love with the breed in England and
brought it home to the US. Eventually through the campaign of
many people the Staffie was recognised in the US in 1976. He has
a loyal following.
_________________________________
American Bulldog
| American
Bulldog |
A brindle and white American Bulldog
|
| Alternative names |
| Old Country Bulldog |
| Country of origin |
|
United States |
| Classification and breed standards |
|
UKC: |
Guardian Dogs |
Stds |
The American Bulldog is a
breed of working
dog
developed for catching livestock and for protecting property.
There are generally considered to be two types of American
Bulldog, the Johnson type and the Scott type,
named after the breeders who were influential in developing
them, John D. Johnson and Allen Scott. These are more commonly
known as Classic or Bully type and Standard or Performance type.
Appearance
The American Bulldog is a stocky, strong-looking dog. Its
coat is short and either white or white with patches. The
Johnson type is a larger dog with a shorter muzzle than the
Scott type. However, many modern American Bulldogs are a
combination of the two types. In general, American Bulldogs
weigh between 27 to 54 kg (60 to 100 lb) and are 52 to 70 cm (20
to 28 inches) at the
withers.
Confusion with other breeds
There are two distinct strains of American Bulldogs, Classic
(Johnson, Bully) and Standard (Scott, Performance) which is
often mistaken for its second cousin the
American Pit Bull Terrier because of its appearance, and for
its much smaller European relatives because of its name, the
American Bulldog is different from any of these. The American
Bulldog is massive in comparison to the
French Bulldog or
English Bulldog and was never bred to be a
lap dog.
The Standard American Bulldog does resemble the
pit bull-type breeds on many points, such as being muscular
dogs that can be all white or white with patches. However, the
pit bull's head is in the shape of a wedge coming to a more
rounded point at the muzzle, whereas an American Bulldog's is
box-shaped. The American Bulldog's ears are also typically
uncropped, and its head is heavier and a little bulkier.
Another major difference is size, with the American Bulldog
generally being much larger than a purebred American Pitbull
Terrier (which according to the UKC standard should only weigh
30 - 60 pounds).
Temperament
American bulldogs can make great family dogs despite
their reputation.
An American Bulldog is typically a happy, friendly, and
assertive dog that is at ease with its family and fine with
strangers as they get to know the stranger in question. They are
quite fond of children but sometimes do not know their own
strength, thus, as with all dogs, they should be supervised with
small children. They bond strongly with their master and family
but, because of strong guarding instincts and a somewhat
dominant attitude, they need a firm but fair hand; they should
be
socialized and
obedience trained early to expose them to other dogs and
people and to ensure that they can be controlled around company
as they get older and larger.
They need room to expend their energy and so do best in a
home with a backyard. They are not always well behaved towards
cats and smaller pets, but correct socialization at an early age
can greatly increase the chances of them accepting these
animals. They can be stubborn with training though once they are
trained they tend to obey their masters faithfully. American
bulldog puppies can be relatively difficult to
housebreak, but it is important to be persistent.
History
The history of
Mastiff-type dogs in the British Isles dates back beyond the
arrival of Ceasare, who reported of the ferocious dogs. With the
arrival of the Normans in 1066 came Alaunts from the continent.
The breeding of the indigenous mastiffs to the newly arrived
ones produced the Mastiff and Bulldog of England. An interseting
aside, is that all descriptions of the Alaunts (there were three
types) mention an all white, or almost entirely white coat -
something only the American Bulldog still has.
In
England during the 17th and 18th centuries, bulldogs were
used on farms to catch and hold livestock; as butchers' dogs;
and as guardians, as well as for other tasks. This eventually
led to
bloodsports such as
bull-baiting, popular for both
entertainment and the potential for
gambling. These practices extended not only from the
British Isles but also to the
colonies she acquired during this time, including what is
now the
United States and in particular the South; many settlers
brought their dogs with them to help around the farm, hunt in
the woods, and use in gambling.
In 1835, the sport of bull-baiting was outlawed in the
United Kingdom and, over time, the
Bulldog there became a common pet, being bred into today's
more compact and complacent version. The product was as much the
efforts of selectively bred bulldogs as it was the introduction
of the
Pug. Conversely, the American strain maintained its
utlitarian purpose, and thus underwent less modifications; even
as its popularity declined in favor of other breeds. Even the
slight modifications the bulldog underwent in England from the
late Renaissance into the Industrial Revolution (pre 1835), were
absent in the American strain. (Most settlers of the American
South came from the West Midlands and as a result of the Civil
War between Royalists and Parliamentarians, well before the
Industrial Revolution).
Perhaps the most important role of the bulldog and the reason
for its survival and in fact why it thrived through out the
South was because of the presence of feral pigs, introduced to
the New World and without predators. The bulldogs were the
settlers only means of sufficiently dealing with the vermin. By
World War Two, the breed was near extinction until John D.
Johnson and his father scoured the backroads of the South
looking for the best specimens to revive the breed. During this
time a young Allen Scott grew an interest in Mr. Johnson's dogs
and began to work with him on the revitalization process. At a
point, Allen Scott began infusing non-Johnson select dogs with
John D. Johnson's line creating the now Standard American
Bulldog. Therefore, the base stock of the Standard American
Bulldog is the Classic American Bulldog. This created a falling
out between Johnson and Scott causing them to go their separate
ways and breed the two slightly different versions of the
American bulldog.
Today
Today the American Bulldog is safe from extinction and is
enjoying a healthy increase in popularity, both as a working dog
and as a loving family pet. In the South and West they are used
as "hog dogs" (dogs used in the catching of escaped pigs and/or
hunting
razorbacks) and are also used in
tracking, driving cattle, and in various
dog sports such as
schutzhund and
weight pulling.
Miscellaneous
_____________________________________________________________
Bull Terrier
The Bull Terrier is a
breed of
dog in the
terrier family.
Appearance
Bull Terriers are thick-set and muscular with
a short, dense
coat. Acceptable colours are white, (skin
pigmentation and markings on the head are not to
be penalised in the show ring in the UK), any
colour other than white, or any colour with
white markings (although Blue and liver highly
undesirable).
The
AKC specifies that if
all other things are equal, the
brindle coat is preferred. (White is
preferred in the UK)
This terrier's most distinctive feature is
its head, described as 'egg shaped' when viewed
from the front, almost flat at the top, with a
Roman muzzle sloping evenly down to the end of
the nose with no stop. The unique triangular
eyes are small, dark, and closely set. The body
is full and round, while the shoulders are
robust and muscular and the tail is carried
horizontally. It walks with a jaunty gait, and
is popularly known as the 'gladiator of the
canine race'.
There is no set height or weight of the breed
but the average is, Height: 20-24 inches (51-61
cm.), Weight: 45-70 pounds (20-32 kg.)
Sometimes bull terriers are mistaken to be
American Pit Bull Terriers, but they are
separate breeds (although related); both are
generally friendly.
Temperament
Bull Terriers are friendly dogs with a
wonderful sense of humour. Their physical
strength is matched by their intelligence, and
both body and mind need to be kept active. They
can be obstinate and are not ideal dogs for the
first-time owner. As a breed they are generally
placid but it has to be remembered that they
were originally bred as fighting dogs therefore
they will react if challenged but they will not
normally make the first move. They are very
affectionate dogs and love company so it is not
a good idea to leave them alone for long periods
of time as with their strong jaws they can cause
lots of damage if bored. Bull Terriers are one
of the better breeds of dogs to have around
children, but like all pets a watchful eye is
always needed.
Health
Bull Terriers are generally free of disabling
genetic diseases. All puppies should be checked
for deafness, as this sometimes occurs (most
commonly in pure white dogs) and is difficult to
notice, especially in a relatively young puppy.
A common problem to many Bull Terriers is a
tendency to develop skin
allergies. Insect bites, such as
fleas, and sometimes
mosquitoes and
mites, can produce a generalized allergic
response of hives, rash, and itching. This
condition can be stopped by keeping the dog free
of contact from these insects, but this is
definitely a consideration in climates or
circumstances where exposure to these insects is
inevitable. Their lifespan is somewhere between
10 and 14 years, although they can live longer
-- the oldest bitch on record being an
Australian housepet dubbed "Puppa Trout" who
remained sprightly into her 17th year.
The Bull terrier's coat is easy to maintain,
but grooming can keep it in near-perfect
condition. Adding oils to their meals can also
vastly improve the quality of their coat. The
Bull Terrier requires a fair amount of exercise,
but overworking the dog at a young age will
cause strained muscles. Older dogs do require
exercise, but in small doses, whereas younger
ones will be happy to play for hours on end. The
breed is renown for being extremely greedy; be
sure to maintain a good balance of exercise and
food, or the dog can become overweight. Also, be
sure to check ears, eyes, nose and mouth every
day for signs of infection.
Although Bull Terriers will be happy to eat
anything, it is best to feed them a homemade
meal, consisting of brown rice and pasta, fresh
vegetables, eggs and a small amount of olive
oil. Feeding the dog a wholesome meal will
greatly improve their appearance, and combined
with exercise and a warm bed, you will find
yourself in the company of an extremely happy
dog. When it is said a Bull Terries will eat
anything, it is true. Many of these dogs will
eat inedible, noxious objects like plastic or
wood or worse. It is a condition called pica. As
a result of this condition, a dog can experience
intestinal blockage: a build up of foriegn
objects in the animal's stomach that prevents it
from moving its bowels. It is serious and
requires surgery.
Common Ailments: Deafness, Umbilical Hernia
and Acne. Bull Terriers can also suffer from
Obsessive complusive behavior, such as tail
chasing, self mutilation, and obsessive licking
History
The now extinct breeds
Old English Bulldog and
Old English Terrier were crossed to form a
new breed of dog called the
Bull and Terrier. It is also known that
Dalmatian comes into their genetics, and this
can be seen by looking on the stomach area,
where dark, spotted pigment can be seen on the
skin. Around
1860, the Bull and Terrier breed split into
two branches, the pure white Bull Terrier and
the coloured forms that lived on for another
seventy years in the dog fighting pits until
they finally were recognized as a legitimate dog
breed called the
Staffordshire Bull Terrier.
Pedigrees of Bull Terriers date from the
period during which the English Stud books were
first written (circa 1874-6). Although the breed
was developed from
fighting dogs, the Bull Terrier was intended
to be a showdog and companion.
Miscellaneous
- Although the name causes confusion, Bull
Terriers are not directly related to
American Pit Bull Terriers. Both breeds
do, however, descend from the same
ancestors.
- There is also a miniature version of
this breed; this distinct breed is
officially known as the
Bull Terrier (Miniature).
- The Bull Terrier is one of several
breeds in which the dog (male) and
bitch (female) must have distinctly
different appearances.
Famous Bull Terriers
____________________________________________________________
Argentine Dogo
|
Dogo Argentino |
| Alternative names |
Dogo Argentino
Argentinian Fighting Dog
|
| Country of origin |
|
Argentina |
| Common nicknames |
| Dogo |
| Classification and breed
standards |
|
FCI: |
Group 2 Section 2.1 #292 |
Stds |
|
UKC: |
Guardian Dogs |
Stds |
The Dogo Argentino also known as the
Argentine Dogo or the Argentinian
Fighting Dog is a large, white, game-bred,
muscular
dog that was developed in
Argentina for
big game hunting.
[
Appearance (UKC)
The Dogo Argentino is a large, white,
short-coated dog with a smooth, muscular body,
displaying both power and athletic ability. The
length of body is just slightly longer than
tall, but
bitches may be somewhat longer in body than
dogs. The length of the front leg (measured from
point of elbow to the ground) is approximately
equal to one-half of the dog's height at the
withers. The head is powerful with a broad,
slightly domed skull and a powerful
muzzle that is slightly higher at the nose
than the stop, when viewed in profile. Ears may
be cropped, or hang naturally, close to the
skull. The relatively short tail is set low,
thick at the base and tapers to a point. The
Dogo Argentino should be evaluated as a
hunting dog, and exaggerations or faults
should be penalized in proportion to how much
they interfere with the dog's ability to work.
Eight month old female puppy.
History
In the
1920s in Argentina,
Antonio Nores Martinez started breeding a
dog intended to not only be a
pet and family guardian, but also a hunting
dog capable of taking on big game such as wild
boar and
jaguars.
Martinez picked the
Cordoba Fighting Dog to be the base for the
breed. The breed is extinct today but was
described as a large and ferocious dog that was
both a great hunter and fighter.
With the
Cordoba Fighting Dog as the base, he then
crossed in
Great Dane,
Boxer,
Spanish Mastiff,
Old English Bulldog,
Bull Terrier,
Great Pyrenees,
Pointer,
Irish Wolfhound and
Dogue de Bordeaux.
Martinez kept improving the breed via
selective breeding to introduce the traits that
were desired. The first standard for the breed
was written in
1928.
Miscellaneous
Hunting/Working
Dogo Argentinos are accomplished hunters, and
are widely used today, mainly in
South America and
Texas. They are first and foremost a hunting
dog, but are also used as a tracker, as a
fighting dog, as a guard dog and for general
police work including
narcotics detection. They are even
occasionally used as a
guide dog.
Fighting
Close up of facial characteristics
of a typical female.
The Dogo Argentino was bred specifically to
avoid the dog aggression problems inherent in
the Cordoba Fighting Dog when applied to
hunting, specifically its lack of ability to
hunt in a pack. The creators of the breed
intended that great care be taken to prevent
this undesirable trait from manifesting in the
Dogo Argentino, as the breed was always intended
to be a pack hunter. However, in South America
(and to a lesser extent in North America) these
dogs are widely being bred for the sole purpose
of dog fighting by certain highly organized
groups and individuals. The Dogos of these lines
are extremely dog aggressive and not suited for
big game hunting. Additionally, the Dogos of
these bloodlines are sought after for dog
fighting because they combine strength and a
willingness to continue fighting despite
substantive injury, such as, ripped flesh,
dehydration, exhaustion or broken bones
(gameness). These Dogo Argentinos are somewhat
smaller than ones used for big-game hunting (Dogos
involved in
dog fighting are often between 75 and 90
lb.) In some rare cases, they are cross-bred
with the
American Pit Bull Terrier to enhance their
fighting abilities.
So Dogos can develop an extremely aggressive
or dominant temperament if not socialized with
other dogs at an early age, particularly with
other dogs of the same sex, but can be trained
by an experienced handler.
Temperament
Dogos are known for being extremely loyal and
affectionate with their families and crave
attention from their owners. They are
excessively tolerant of children, due to the
dogs high pain tolerance derived from
selective breeding to be a big game hunter.
They are protective of what they perceive as
their territory and will guard it without fear
against any intruder. They get along with other
dogs, as long as they have been properly
socialized but will usually not tolerate another
dog to trying to assert dominance over them and
might not coexist peacefully with another
dominant breed of dog. However, dog aggression
is not desirable in the Dogo Argentino breed, as
it is at odds with their intended purpose as a
pack hunter.
_____________________________________________________________
Boxer (dog)
|
Boxer |
.jpg/250px-Boxer_(dog).jpg)
Brindle boxers with natural
and cropped ears
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| Alternative names |
German Boxer
Deutscher Boxer |
| Country of origin |
|
Germany |
| Classification and breed
standards |
|
FCI: |
Group 2 Section 2 #144 |
Stds |
|
AKC: |
Working |
Stds |
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ANKC: |
Group 6 (Utility) |
Stds |
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CKC: |
Group 3 - Working Dogs |
Stds |
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KC (UK): |
Working |
Stds |
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NZKC: |
Utility |
Stds |
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UKC: |
Guardian Dogs |
Stds |
Boxers are a
breed of stocky, medium-sized, short-haired
dog with a smooth fawn or brindled coat and
square-jawed muzzle. Boxers have very strong
jaws and a powerful
bite.
History
The ancestors of this breed were the
German
Bullenbeisser, a dog of
Mastiff descent, and the
English Bulldog. The Bullenbeisser had been
working as a hunting dog for centuries, employed
in the pursuit of bear,
wild boar, and deer. Its task was to seize
the prey and hold it until the hunters arrived.
In later years, faster dogs were favoured and
the Bullenbeisser grew smaller and was then
called the Brabanter.
In the late 19th century, the Brabanter was
crossed with an English Bulldog to start the
line that would become the modern Boxer. In
1894, three Germans by the name of Roberth,
Konig, and Hopner decided to stabilise the breed
and put it on exhibition at a dog show. This was
done in
Munich in 1895, and the next year they
founded the first Boxer Club.
The breed was introduced to other parts of
Europe in the late 1800s and to the
United States around the turn of the
century. The
American Kennel Club (AKC)
recognised the first Boxer champion in
1915.
During
World War I, the Boxer was co-opted for
military work, acting as a valuable messenger
dog, pack-carrier, attack dog, and guard dog.
It was not until after
World War II that the Boxer became popular
around the world. Boxer mascots, taken home by
returning soldiers, introduced the dog to a much
wider audience and it soon became a favourite as
a companion animal, as a show dog, and as a
guard dog.
Early genealogy
Boxer early genealogy chart
The German citizen George Alt, a Munich
resident, mated a brindle-coloured bitch
Brabanter imported from France named Flora
with a local dog of unknown ancestry, know
simply as "Boxer", resulting in a
fawn-and-white male, named "Lechner´s Boxer"
after its owner.
This dog was mated with his own dam Flora,
and one of its offsprings was the bitch called
Alt´s Schecken. George Alt mated
Schecken with an English Bulldog named
Tom to produce the historically significant
dog Flocki, the first boxer to enter the
German Stud Book after winning at a
Munich show for
St. Bernards, which was the first event to
have a class specific for Boxers.
The white bitch Ch. Blanka von Angertor,
Flocki´s sister, was even more influential when
mated with Piccolo von Angertor (Lechner´s Boxer
grandson) to produce the predominantly white
bitch Meta von der Passage, which, even bearing
little resemblance with the modern Boxer
standard (early photographs depicts her as too
long, weak-backed and down-faced), is considered
the mother of the breed.[2]
[3] John
Wagner, on his The Boxer (first published
in 1939) said the following regarding this
bitch:
- "Meta von der Passage played the most
important role of the five original
ancestors. Our great line of sires all trace
directly back to this female. She was a
substantially built, low to the ground,
brindle and white parti-color, lacking in
underjaw and exceedingly lippy. As a
producing bitch few in any breed can match
her record. She consistently whelped puppies
of marvelous type and rare quality. Those of
her offspring sired by Flock St. Salvator
and Wotan dominate all present-day
pedigrees. Combined with Wotan and Mirzl
children, they made the Boxer."[4]
Breed name
The name "Boxer" is supposedly derived from
this breed's tendency to begin a fight by
standing on its hind legs and "boxing"
with its front paws. According to Andrew H.
Brace on his "Pet owner's guide to the Boxer"
this theory is the least plausible explanation,[2]
claiming it's unlikely that a nation so
permeated with nationalism like Germany would
give to one of its most famous breeds a name so
obviously anglicised. Brace states that there
exist many other theories to explain the origin
of the breed name, some claiming the smaller
Bullenbeisser (Brabanter) were also known as
"Boxl" and that Boxer is just a
corruption of that word.
Appearance
Three-month-old fawn Boxer puppy
An adult boxer typically weighs between 55
and 70 lbs (25 and 32 kg). Adult male boxers are
between 23 and 25 in. (57 nand 63 cm) tall at
the
withers; adult female are between 21 to 23 ½
in. (53 and 60 cm).
Docking of the tail remains popular,
although
cropping of the ears is gradually declining
in popularity and both are now prohibited in
many European breed standards and are slowly
being banned in many countries. As of March,
2005, the
AKC changed its standard to allow the
showing of uncropped Boxers.
Boxers are typically either fawn or
brindle, often with a white underbelly and
white on the front or all four feet. The
whiteness, called flashiness, often
extends onto the shoulders or face. White boxers
account for approximately 25% of all boxers.
Boxers with white coloring covering more than
one-third of their coat do not meet the boxer
breed standard by the American Kennel Club. Some
brindled boxers are so dark as to appear black
but really the stripes are so close together
that they are considered reverse brindles. Black
Boxers do not exist. In the UK, fawn boxers are
typically richer in color and are called "Red".
The Boxer breed standard stipulates that
two-thirds (roughly 67%) of the body be either
fawn or brindle in color. Some boxers have white
markings that do not meet the standard and are
therefore mostly or entirely white. Contrary to
popular opinion, white boxers are neither
albino (lacking pigment in the skin and
eyes), nor rare. Genetic analysis indicates that
as many as one-quarter (25%) of all boxers are
white.
Boxers have an
underbite, and as a result, their lower row
of teeth can get caught in their
jowls. Boxers make brilliant guard dogs.
[
Temperament
A brindle male at nearly 2 years.
The character of the Boxer is of the greatest
importance and demands the most careful
attention. He is renowned for his great love and
faithfulness to his master and household, his
alertness, and fearless courage as a defender
and protector. The Boxer is docile but
distrustful of strangers. He is bright and
friendly in play but brave and determined when
roused. His intelligence and willing
tractability, his modesty, and cleanliness make
him a highly desirable family dog and cheerful
companion. He is the soul of honesty and
loyalty. He is never false or treacherous even
in his old age.[5]
A one-year-old brindle and a
2-month-old fawn Boxer.
Boxers are a bright, energetic and playful
breed and tend to be very good with children.
It's best if obedience training is started early
since they also have a strong personality and
therefore can be harder to train when older.
Boxers earned a slight reputation of being
"headstrong", which can be related to poor
obedience-training. This, plus their strength
might present a challenge for a first-time dog
owner. It is also equally true that Boxers have
a very long puppyhood and adolescence. They are
not considered fully mature until age three, one
of the longest times in dogdom, and thus need
the early training to keep their high energy
from wearing the owner out.
The Boxer by nature is not an aggressive or
vicious breed but need socialisation to tolerate
other dogs well.[6]
His sometimes over-protective, territorial and
dominating attitude, most intense in males, can
be problematic. Boxers are very patient with
smaller dogs but can be aggressive with larger
dogs of the same sex. A poorly bred or trained
dog is capable of seriously injuring or killing
other animals.
A 5-year-old brindle female
coexisting peacefully with house
cat.
Temperament summary
Attitudes toward:
- Owners: Affectionate, devoted.
- Children: Playful, exuberant (may
be too much for very young children).
- Other Pets: Good if raised well.
- Strangers: Protective of their
family and suspicious. Friendly if well
socialised.
- Unfamiliar Dogs: Can be
problematic unless well socialised.[7]
Special needs to maintain a desirable
temperament:
- Socialisation: To avoid
aggression to strangers and to dogs of the
same sex (mainly unfamiliar dogs)
- Daily exercise: To avoid
destructive responses
- Respect training: To avoid
jumping and barking when playing and to
lessen his natural stubbornness
Health
-
A boxer dog with an underactive
thyroid gland demands greater
attention to weight problems
Boxers are prone to develop "cancers,
progressive retinal atrophy, torsion (bloat),
epilepsy, bleeding disorders, intestinal
problems, breathing difficulties from
sinus infections"
[8],
heart murmurs and ailments of the joints, such
as
arthritis and
hip dysplasia, although most good breeders
test their breeding stock before breeding and
the incidence is slowly decreasing. Problems of
the
thyroid gland, while rare, often go
unnoticed. This does not directly harm the
boxer, but early attention to the condition can
prolong the life of the dog. White boxers
allegedly have a tendency to develop
deafness at a rate much higher than other
boxers. Some studies indicate 30-40% of all
white boxers are deaf in one or both ears
[citation needed],
but the unbiased nature of these studies is
challenged. There have been active breeder
interventions trying to diminish the popularity
of white boxers, and because the breed standard
stipulates that two-thirds of the body be either
fawn or brindle in color, many white boxers are
euthanised at birth by
commercial breeders, although this practice
was more common in the past than it is today.
Because white boxers are not
albinos but simply have a white coat, they
have no added risk of skin
cancer compared to other boxers.
Uses
Fawn boxer jumping
dog agility A-frame with ears
flying
Boxers are friendly, lively companions that
are often used as family dogs. Their suspicion
of strangers, alertness, agility, and strength
make them formidable
guard dogs. They also sometimes appear at
dog agility trials and
flyball events. Before
dog fighting was made illegal, Boxers were
often used in dog fights[citation needed].
These strong and intelligent animals have even
been sometimes used as
guide dogs for the blind and
police dogs in K9 units in place of the
typical
German Shepherd. The versatiliy of Boxers
was recognised by the military, which used them
as valuable messenger dogs, pack carriers, and
attack and guard dogs in times of war.
Popularity in the U.S.
Based on 2005 American Kennel Club
statistics, Boxers are the seventh most popular
breed of dog in the United States with
approximately 37,268 new registrations during
the year
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Old English Bulldog
|
Old English Bulldog |
|
|
| Country of origin |
|
Britain |
| Classification and breed
standards |
| This breed of dog is
extinct |
The Old English Bulldog is for all
intents and purposes an
extinct
breed of
dog.
Appearance
The Old English Bulldog was extremely
compact, broad and muscular as reflected in the
well-known depiction "Crib and Rosa." The
average height was approximately 16 inches and
they weighed about 45 pounds. A particular
characteristic of the breed was the lower jaw
that projected considerably in front of the
upper jaw, which made possible a strong,
vice-like grip. The nose was deeply set,
which allowed the dog to get enough air as it
gripped the
bull.
History
Wasp, Child and Billy
The
English
blood sport of
bull-baiting allowed for a specialized breed
in the form of the Old English Bulldog. The main
locations in
London for these exhibitions were
Westminster Pit,
Bear Garden and
Old Conduit Fields.
Breeding
Historians are fairly confident that the Old
English Bulldog is derived from ancient war
dogs, such as, the old
Mastiff or
Alaunt. Others believe that the true origin
of the breed is not entirely clear. Depictions
in old prints show that the variety was without
doubt a small Mastiff, with a comparatively long
head. The word 'Mastiff' was eventually dropped
when describing these smaller Mastiffs, as the
Mastiff proper was found too slow for
bull-baiting. Eventually, the
Greyhound was crossed into the breed
increasing the mastiff's speed, without losing
the breed's ferocity. This step reduced the Old
English Bulldog's size and weight, with the
Greyhounds features seen in specimens of that
time.
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